Kiss Bridge Joaquin Alvado Bañon
2012-10-03 01:00
架构师提供的文本描述。该项目被认为是在城镇的两个不同地区之间建立一种关系,被一个雨水渠道隔开。通道的每一边都会产生一种不同的交叉方式,一种新的形状来定义边界。连接是一个吻,一种结构的柔软触碰。这座桥是了解这座城市的一种新方法。
Text description provided by the architects. The project has been thought to establish a relationship between two different parts of the town, divided by a rainwater channel. Each side of the channel causes a different way to cross, a new shape to define a border. The connection is a kiss, a softy touch of structures. The bridge is a new way to understand the city.
© Justo Oliva
c.Justo Oliva
这些横梁在结构上被设计成日本的折纸艺术,叫做“折纸”。我们使用的材料是白色混凝土板而不是纸。这两个几何上不同的部分具有不同的结构行为。第一部分有一个大悬臂梁长度为16m,而第二个部分有一个Y型平面几何结构,包括主干道本身和威尼斯楼梯。两种结构的主干道长度均在60m以上。
The beams have been structurally designed as the Japanese art of paper folding called “origami”. The material we have used is white concrete plate instead of paper. The two geometrically different parts have different structural behavior. The first part has a large cantilever beam 16 m length, while the second has a Y plan geometry comprising the main path itself and a Venetian stairs. The length of the main path of both structures is over 60 m.
© Justo Oliva
c.Justo Oliva
人行天桥穿过人工雨水通道,相对于所述通道,斜度为45°。
The pedestrian bridge crosses an artificial rainwater channel with a skew of 45 º with respect to the referred channel.
© Justo Oliva
c.Justo Oliva
悬臂结构与Y形结构的结合位于通道中部。在中心区域的两个部分的相遇发生在任何部分的横向部分,由一个固定的钢梁框架连接,玻璃地板在其上充当走道。
The union between the cantilever structure and the Y-shaped one is located over the middle of the channel. The encounter of the two sections in the central area is carried out on the lateral part of any parts, being connected by a framework of pinned steel beams on which a glass floor acts as walkway.
© Justo Oliva
c.Justo Oliva
每个拉伸有不同的横断面。这些部分是变量,以调整其尺寸和形状,以满足要求的刚度和强度的整体几何形状的人行桥和用于设计它的作用荷载。
Each stretch has different transversal sections. These sections are variables to adapt its dimensions and shapes to the requirements of stiffness and strength imposed by the overall geometry of the footbridge and the acting loads used to design it.
© Justo Oliva
c.Justo Oliva
该悬臂结构为U形不对称截面,宽度为2.5m,侧壁高度可变,桩端最大深度为1.35m,悬臂边缘最小深度为0.25m。
The cantilever structure has a U-shaped asymmetric cross section which conforms a 2.5 m wide path with variable lateral walls high. The maximal depth is 1.35 m at the section located over de central pile, and the minimal one is 0.25 m at the edge of the cantilever.
© Justo Oliva
c.Justo Oliva
Y形结构具有Z形截面.在这种情况下,垂直或水平荷载引起的应力与弯曲、扭转和剪切机制完全耦合有关。
The Y-shaped structure has a Z-shape cross section. In that case, the stresses caused by the vertical or horizontal loads are associated to bending, torsion and shear mechanisms fully coupled.
© Justo Oliva
c.Justo Oliva
人行桥的造型材料为白色自密实混凝土,强度为60 MPa。混凝土采用500 MPa屈服应力钢波纹钢筋加固。悬臂梁结构采用4“5‘筋和1860 MPa最大断裂强度钢进行后张。初始张力为1020 kN。
The material which shapes the footbridge is white self-compacting concrete with 60 MPa of characteristic strength. The concrete is reinforced with corrugated rebars of 500 MPa yielding stress steel. The cantilever structure has also been post-tensioned by means of 4 “5Æ5’’ tendons with steel of 1860 MPa of maximal breaking strength. The initial tension force has been 1020 kN for each one.
© Justo Oliva
c.Justo Oliva
后张预应力筋位于墙内的大部分路径上,符合U形截面。每侧的两个底部都被扭曲,在悬臂的末端,通过楼板进行空间传递。
The post-tensioned tendons are located in most of its path in the walls which conforms the U-shape section. The two lowers ones of each side have been twisted spatially to be conveyed through the floor slab, at the extreme of the cantilever.
© Justo Oliva
c.Justo Oliva
基础采用常规混凝土进行,基础表面较浅,路面的任何部分都是独立于另一边的。由于大悬臂梁的存在桥台区产生重要的弯矩,因此有必要在桥台区建立一个大的混凝土立方体,以保证其静力平衡。
The foundation was performed using conventional concrete, it is superficial and any part of the footway is independent to the other side. Has been necessary to build a large concrete cubes in the bridge abutment zone in order to guarantee its static equilibrium, because the existence of the large cantilever beam generates important bending moments in this position.
© Justo Oliva
c.Justo Oliva
这座人行桥有两个中央桩,每个结构一根。悬臂结构的中心桩是一种混凝土墙,其中间有一个扭体,使墙截面的方向发生变化,其下部与通道轴线平行,与主结构轴线垂直的桩的上部方向平行。
The footbridge has two central piles, one for each structure. The central pile of the cantilever structure is a concrete wall with a twist at its middle to change direction of the wall section which is, in its lower part, parallel to the axis of the channel, to the direction of the upper part of the pile which is perpendicular to the axis of the main structure.
© Justo Oliva
c.Justo Oliva
Y形结构桩是一根相对于垂直方向倾斜38度的钢柱.该桩将地基的中央脚与Y的两侧横截面的墙壁连接的地方连接起来。Y形结构及其基础是一座完整的桥梁.为了分析它的结构行为,必须考虑到流变和热作用,它们产生很高的应力水平,这是不可忽视的。
The Y-shaped structure pile is a steel column tilted 38 degrees with respect to the vertical direction. This pile joins the central foot of the foundation with the spot in which the walls of the cross sections of both sides of the Y are joined. The Y-shape structure with its foundations is an integral bridge. To analyse it structural behaviour have been necessary to take into account the rheological and thermal actions, which generate high stress levels, not at all negligible.
© Justo Oliva
c.Justo Oliva
悬臂式结构及其基础只需两个弹性支座,就可视为半整体桥梁,而桥台则直接与主体结构连接。与另一种情况一样,在结构分析中考虑了流变和热作用。
The cantilever structure with its foundations could be considered as a semi-integral bridge just because the pile has two elastomeric bearings, while the abutment is directly joined with the main structure. Like in the other case, to the structural analysis the rheological and thermal actions have been taken into account.
© Justo Oliva
c.Justo Oliva
从阻力的角度来看,除横向荷载外,双方是相互独立的。
From the resistant point of view both sides are independent except against transverse loads.
© Justo Oliva
c.Justo Oliva
这两个结构之间的连接有一个20毫米的结构间隙,足以允许一个独立的行为时,共同的行动,由于风,流变和热效应。在高地震作用下,Y形结构支撑悬臂结构。
The connection between both structures has a structural clearance of 20 mm, enough to allow an independent behavior in case of common actions due to wind, rheological and thermal effects. In case of high earthquake actions the Y-shape structure braces the cantilever one.
© Justo Oliva
c.Justo Oliva
在安装功能元件(扶手和照明)的同时,还建造了中央连接子结构。当时最年轻的混凝土有90天,所以由于混凝土的流变行为,已经产生了很大一部分的应变和变形。这一点很重要,因为在每种结构中,预期这些效应的偏差是非常不同的。
The central joint substructure has been built at the same time with the installation of the functional elements (handrails and lighting). At that time the youngest concrete had 90 days, so a great part of the strains and deflections due to the concrete rheological behavior had been already produced. That was important due to the very different deflections expected for those effects in each structure.
© Justo Oliva
c.Justo Oliva
考虑到行人在结构上行走时所产生的动荷载,由于悬挑部分具有动态相互作用,因而受到了特别的重视。最后,在变截面设计中提供的刚度解决了这一问题。一旦在静态和动态负载下执行测试,这个可能的问题就被完全抛弃了。(鼓掌)
Special care has been taken in consideration of dynamic loads generated by pedestrians when they are walking on the structure, because the cantilevered part could present dynamic interaction. Finally the rigidity provided in design with variable section solved this problem. This possible problem was completely discarded once the testing was performed with static and dynamic loads.
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