© Leonardo Finotti

莱昂纳多·芬诺蒂

*PHASE 01 - 2009

*PHASE 01 - 2009

MOPI小学位于巴西里约热内卢的一个城市，但非常绿色的地区。它的主要立面是一条繁忙的大道，连接着力拓的西部和北部地区。建筑物的对面可以俯瞰一个有山的国家森林公园，前面是房屋和大量的植被。这座建筑被设想成四个分开的空间，由开放的阳台连接而成，从一个“U”字形的整体向森林开放。面向大道的两卷椭圆形书卷包含主要教室，而另外两卷水滴形的卷则包含行政区域、教学室、艺术、图书馆、计算机教室等次要空间。整个建筑分为四个不同的体积，方便交叉空气循环，提供被动冷却，同时非常清楚地标明每一个使用的目的。半透明的通道玻璃包围了大部分教室，在不分散学生注意力的情况下，让教室充满了光线。主立面让人想起森林，它是一棵树的抽象物。由微穿孔预氧化铜板组成，连接在层合木梁上，与建筑物的混凝土结构相连。这些横梁中使用的木材是一种快速生长的可再生材料，其种类(桉树)是专门种植以供采伐的。铜的微穿孔使空气在阻挡雨水的同时得以通过。它也给学校一个非常生动的方面，因为它发挥透明和不透明。白天，从外面看它看上去不透明，从内部看则是半透明的。绿色占主导地位。到了晚上，它变成半透明的，让运动和颜色发光，使它生机勃勃。

MOPI primary school is located in an urban but very green area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Its main façade faces a busy avenue that connects Rio’s west and north zones. The opposite side of the building overlooks a national forest park with mountains, preceded by houses and lots of vegetation. The building was conceived as four separated volumes connected by open balconies and derived from a “U” shaped whole open towards the forest. The two elliptical volumes that faces the avenue contain the main classrooms, while the other two water drops shaped volumes contains secondary spaces such as the administration area, pedagogic room, art, library , computer classroom and so on. The whole building split into four distinct volumes facilitates cross air circulation that provides passive cooling while marking very clearly the use purpose of each one. Translucent channel glass encloses most of the classrooms, flooding it with light without distracting the students. The main façade evokes the forest; it is an abstraction of a tree. Composed of micro perforated pre-oxidized copper panels attached to laminated wood beams, which are attached to the concrete structure of the building. The wood used in these beams are a fast growing renewable material source, and its species (eucalyptus) are planted specifically to be harvested. The micro perforation of the copper allows the passage of air while blocking rainwater. It also gives the school a very lively aspect since it plays with transparency and opacity. During the day, it looks opaque from the outside and semitransparent from inside. The green color dominates the façade. At night, it becomes semitransparent, letting movements and colors shine through, making it come alive.

 First Floor Plan

一层平面图

*PHASE 02 – 2010

*PHASE 02 – 2010

2009年，在邻近的一块地块上建造了一个有盖的游泳池。钢圆柱体和胶合板梁支撑聚氨酯填充金属屋面。

In 2009 a covered pool was built on an adjacent plot. Steel circular columns and eucalitus glulam beams support the polyurethane filled metallic roofing.

 © Leonardo Finotti

莱昂纳多·芬诺蒂

*PHASE 03 – 2015

*PHASE 03 – 2015

经过客户三年的谈判，外经贸部扩大到另外两个相邻的地块，教室数量几乎翻了一番，并建立了一个运动场。现在，这所学校占据了面向大街的街区的所有前部。其主要目的是在六年内使三个不同的建设阶段的结果呈现出流动性和连贯性：统一的思想。所有材料和饰面遵循最初的项目，但使用穿孔的ACM，这是添加到部分立面与再使用的杆木相结合。扩建建筑有一个椭圆形的计划和相同的水平，原来的建筑。在课间休息时，开放的露台作为娱乐场所，为周围的自然美景提供了风景。

After 3 years of negotiations by the clients , MOPI expanded to two more adjacent plots, almost doubling the number of classrooms and erected a sports arena. Now the school dominates all the front of the block faced to the avenue. The main intention was to make the result of three different phases of construction in six years present fluidity and coherence: the idea of unity. All the material and finishes followed the original project, except by the use of perforated ACM that was added to part of the façades combined with reused pole wood. The expansion building has an elliptical plan and the same levels of the original building. The open terrace used as a recreational area during classes recess offer views to the natural beauty of the neighborhood.

 © Leonardo Finotti

莱昂纳多·芬诺蒂

+Sustainability

屋面上的一棵树是用桉树(桉树)制成的。这是一种非本地物种种植的收获。大量用于造纸工业(纤维素)，最近，在民用建筑。在回收材料方面，该项目在面向街道的整个立面的基础上，从旧的电性能柱上回收木材。旧轮胎的连锁橡胶地板覆盖了所有的娱乐区域。联锁系统使土壤保持珠光宝气。像收集雨水这样的决定随处可见，主要体现在竞技场上，椭圆两侧的两条大的黄色排水管收集了用于浇水植物、学校清洁和厕所的水。所有淋浴用太阳能电池板加热，所有水龙头都有定时器。

The abstraction of a tree in the façade is made of glulam (eucalyptus). It’s a non-native species planted to be harvested. Much used in the paper industry (cellulose) and more recently, in civil construction. Regarding recycled materials, the project has reclaimed wood from old electicity posts on the base of the whole façade that faces the streets. Interlocked rubber floor from old tyres covers all the recreational areas. that interlock system maintains the soil pearmeable. Decisions such as harvesting rainwater are everywhere and are mainly visible in the arena, where two large yellow rain drain pipes on each side of the ellipse capture water for watering plants,school cleaning and toilets. The heating for all showers is made with the use of solar panels and all taps have timers. 

 Second Floor Plan

二层平面图

+Accessibility

包容是学校概念的一部分，因此必须从一开始就将其纳入项目。垂直环流通过坡道进行，最大坡度为1：12(8%)。所有楼层都有残疾人浴室，所有的门都是90厘米或更宽。

Inclusion is part of the school concept, so it had to be incorporated into the project from the beginning. The vertical circulation is made through ramps with a maximum slop of 1:12 ( 8% ). All the floors have bathrooms for the disabled and all doors are always 90cm or wider.

 © Leonardo Finotti

莱昂纳多·芬诺蒂

声学和热舒适

+Acoustic and Thermal Comfort

将建筑物分割成单独的空间，由阳台连接，便于空气流通和所有空间的自然冷却。这一决定非常清楚地表明了每一卷的不同功能，作为一个强有力的视觉参考。半透明玻璃(ProfilitPilkgton)在教室里使用，并在不分散学生注意力的情况下将自然光淹没在教室里。穿孔的ACM板同时也是外部流通的实物保护，也是整个大楼内立面的防晒措施，其中包括14间新教室。同样的解决方案，在运动场的整个正面都使用微穿孔铜板。穿孔的正面允许空气自由通过，同时过滤光和带来周围自然的内部视图。使用聚氨酯核心钢屋面有助于建筑物有一个被动冷却策略。

The fact of dividing the building into separate volumes connected by balconies facilitates air circulation and natural cooling of all spaces. That decision makes very clear the different functions of each volume, serving as a strong visual reference. Translucent glass ( Profilit Pilkgton ) is used in the classrooms and floods them with natural light without distracting the students. Perforated ACM panels are at the same time a physical protection for the external circulation and sun protection for the entire inner façade of the building containing the 14 new classrooms. the same solution , togheter with micro perforated copper plates is used throughout the facade of the sportive arena. the perforated facade allows air to pass freely while filtering light and bringing inside views of the surrounding nature. the use of polyurethane core steel roofing helps the building to have a passive cooling strategy.

 © Leonardo Finotti

莱昂纳多·芬诺蒂

Architects Mareines+Patalano Arquitetura

Location Itanhangá, Rio de Janeiro - State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Category Extension

Architect in Charge Ivo Mareines, Rafael Patalano e Flavia Lima

Area 5610.0 sqm

Project Year 2015

Photographs Leonardo Finotti