架构师提供的文本描述。1个项目说明

Text description provided by the architects. 1 Project Statement

通过一系列再生设计技术，特别是减缓暴雨水流的措施，一条渠道化的混凝土河流和一个恶化的城郊遗址已被改造成一个全国著名的湿地公园，该公园是计划提供多种生态系统服务的全市生态基础设施的主要部分，包括雨水管理、水净化和当地生境的恢复，以及创造一个珍贵的公共空间，以供聚会和审美享受。

Through a series of regenerative design techniques, particularly measures to slow down the flow of storm-water, a channelized concrete river and a deteriorated peri-urban site have been transformed into a nationally celebrated wetland park that functions as a major part of the city-wide ecological infrastructure planned to provide multiple ecosystem services, including storm-water management, water cleansing, and recovery of native habitats, as well as a creation of a cherished public space for gathering and aesthetic enjoyment. 

 Courtesy of Turenscape

特伦斯凯普

2项目说明

2 Project Narratives

2.1目标和挑战

2.1 Objectives and Challenges

六盘水以其凉爽的高原气候而闻名，是一座工业城市，建于20世纪60年代中期，周围是石灰岩山丘环绕的山谷，水城河流过。这个城市面积60平方公里，有60万人口。作为一项重大环境改善运动的一个组成部分，市政府委托景观设计师制定一项整体战略，以解决多个严重问题，包括：

Liupanshui, known for its cool plateau climate, is an industrial city built in mid 1960s in a valley surrounded by limestone hills, with the River Shuichenghe running though it. With an area of 60 square kilometers, the city is densely inhabited by a population of 0.6 million. As an element of a major campaign of environmental improvement the city government commissioned the landscape architect to develop a holistic strategy to address multiple serious problems including:

 Courtesy of Turenscape

特伦斯凯普

1)水污染：六盘水是冷战时期建设的重工业城市之一，以煤炭、钢铁和水泥工业为主。因此，市民长期遭受空气及水污染的影响。从工业烟囱中，数十年的空气污染沉积物落在周围的山坡上，连同雨水一起冲进河里，雨水还将化肥从山坡上的农田流出，从山坡上散落的定居点排出污水；

1) Water pollution: As one of the major heavy industrial cities built during the cold war period, Liupanshui has been dominated by coal, steel and cement industries. Consequently, the citizens have suffered with the resulting by air and water pollution for a long time.  From the industrial chimneys, decades of air pollution deposits fell onto the surrounding slopes and washed into the river along with the storm-water that also carries the chemical fertilizer runoffs from the farm land on the slopes and  sewage from the scattered settlements on the slope;

2)洪水和暴雨-水淹：地处山谷，季风季节遭受洪水和暴雨淹没，但由于孔隙性的石灰岩地质，旱季也发生严重干旱；3)母河恢复：水城河的沟渠化是1970年代作为解决洪水和洪水的一种解决办法。该通道将暴雨水从上游输送出去，但在下游造成了更严重的洪水问题。原来蜿蜒的母亲河变成了一条丑陋的混凝土、无生命的沟渠，防洪能力和环境修复能力完全丧失；

2) Flood and storm-water inundation: Situated in the valley, the city is subject to floods and storm-water inundation during the monsoon season, but also severe drought in the dry season due to the porous limestone geology; 3) Recovery of the mother river: Channelization of the River Shuichenghe was carried out in the 1970s as a solution to inundation and flooding. The channel transmitted the storm-water from upstream but caused even more severe flooding problems downstream. Hence, the former meandering mother river became an ugly concrete, lifeless ditch and its capacity for flood retention and environmental remediation was totally lost;

 Courtesy of Turenscape

特伦斯凯普

3)公共空间的创造：由于城市人口激增，游憩和绿地不足。曾经是城市幸运儿的水系统已经变成了废弃的后院、垃圾场和城市危险的背面。在这样一个人口稠密的社区，人们迫切需要进入经过修复的绿地系统的行人通道。

3) Creation of public space: Recreation and green spaces are inadequate due to the population explosion in the city. The water system that was once a blessing to the city has become a deserted backyard, garbage dump and the dangerous backside of the city. Pedestrian access to a restored green space system is badly needed in such a densely populated community. 

 Courtesy of Turenscape

特伦斯凯普

其策略是减缓山坡上的水流，建立以水为基础的生态基础设施，以保留和补救雨水，并使水成为再生健康生态系统的积极因素，从而提供自然和文化服务，使工业城市成为宜居的人类栖息地。

The strategy is to slow the flow of water from the hillside slopes and create a water-based ecological infrastructure that will retain and remediate the storm-water, and make water the active agent in regenerating a healthy ecosystem to provide natural and cultural services that transform the industrial city into a livable human habitat.

 Courtesy of Turenscape

特伦斯凯普

2.2设计战略

2.2 Design Strategy

提交的六盘水明湖湿地公园项目占地90公顷(222英亩)，是景观设计师为城市规划的综合生态基础设施项目的第一期和主要部分。

The submitted Liupanshui Minghu Wetland Park project, 90 hectares (222 acres) in size, is the first phase and a major part of the comprehensive ecological infrastructure project planned for the city by the landscape architect.

在整个生态基础设施方面，景观设计师把重点放在水城河流域和城市。首先，现有的溪流、湿地和低地都被整合在一个由河流连接的雨水管理和生态净化系统中，形成了一系列不同能力的蓄水池和净化湿地。这种方法不仅减少了城市洪水，而且增加了基础流量，以维持雨季后的河流水流。其次，拆除了河道混凝土路堤。恢复了天然河岸，恢复了河岸生态，最大限度地提高了河流的自净能力。第三，建立了连续的公共空间，以容纳行人和自行车道，增加通往河边的通道。这些走廊将城市游憩和生态空间融为一体。最后，该项目将滨水开发和河流修复结合起来。生态基础设施促进了六盘水的城市重建工作，大大提高了土地价值，增强了城市活力。

For the overall ecological infrastructure, the landscape architect focused both on the Shuicheng River drainage basin and the city. Firstly, existing streams, wetlands, and low-lying land are all integrated into a storm-water management and ecological purification system linked by the river, forming a series of water retention ponds and purification wetlands with different capacities. This approach not only minimizes urban flooding but also increases the base flow to sustain river water flow after the rainy season. Secondly, the concrete embankment of the channelized river was removed. A natural riverbank was restored to revitalize the riparian ecology and maximize the river’s self-purification capacity. Thirdly, continuous public spaces were created to contain pedestrian and bicycle paths increasing access to the riverfront. These corridors integrate the urban recreation and ecological spaces. Lastly, the project combines waterfront development and river restoration. The ecological infrastructure catalyzes urban renewal efforts in Liupanshui, significantly increases land values, and enhances urban vitality.

 Courtesy of Turenscape

特伦斯凯普

明湖湿地公园是六盘水生态基础设施的主要建设项目之一，具有河道上游生态恢复功能。明湖湿地公园由退化的湿地、废弃的鱼塘和管理不善的玉米地组成。其前期发展状况以垃圾场和污水为主。作为生态基础设施项目的示范，第一阶段项目的设计采用了重建生态健康的所有策略，从而恢复了生物多样性和自然栖息地，保留了雨水并改善了水质，并为公众提供了高质量的开放空间，最后成为城市发展的催化剂。实现这些目标的具体公园要素列示如下。

As one of the major projects included in the ecological infrastructure of Liupanshui,  the Minghu Wetland Park features ecological restoration of the upper stream section of the channelized river. Minghu Wetland Park was created on a site composed of deteriorated wetland patches, abandoned fish ponds and strips of mismanaged corn fields. Its pre-development condition was dominated by garbage dumps and polluted water. As a demonstration of the ecological infrastructure project, this first phase project was designed using all of the tactics for rebuilding ecological health leading to the recovery of biodiversity and native habitat, retention and water quality improvement of storm-water, and public access to high quality open space, and finally a catalyst for urban development. The specific park elements that achieve these objectives are listed below.

 Courtesy of Turenscape

特伦斯凯普

(1)拆除混凝土河堤，形成两个生态区。一种是鼓励当地植被在洪泛区内生长，另一种则是为河床上的新生植被创造条件。沿河形成了曝气级联，以增加氧气，促进营养丰富的水的生物修复。

(1) The concrete river embankment was removed to create two ecological zones. One encourages native vegetation to grow within the flood zone and the other establishes conditions for emergent vegetation in the riverbed. Aerating cascades were created along the river to add oxygen that fosters bio-remediation of the nutrient-rich water..

 Courtesy of Turenscape

特伦斯凯普

(2)创造梯田湿地和保留池，以减少高峰水流，调节季节性雨水。这些梯田受到当地农业技术的启发，这些技术能够捕捉和保持水分，并将陡峭的山坡变成生产田。它们的位置、形式和深度是以地理信息和水流分析为基础的。种植了当地的植被(大部分是播种的)，以建立适应各种水和土壤条件的联系。这些梯田生境减缓了水的流动，加快了微生物和植物物种从水中去除营养物质的速度，这些微生物和植物利用过量的营养物质作为快速生长的资源。

(2) Terraced wetlands and retention ponds were created to reduce peak water flow and regulate the seasonal rainwater. The terraces are inspired by the local farming techniques that catch and retain water and transform steep slopes into productive fields. Their positions, forms and depths were based on geographic information and a water flow analysis. Native vegetation was planted (mostly sown) to establish associations adapted to the various water and soil conditions. These terraced habitats slow the flow of water and speed nutrient removal from the water by microorganism and plant species that use excess nutrients as resources for rapid growth.

 Courtesy of Turenscape

特伦斯凯普

(3)行人路和自行车道覆盖在沿水道的绿地上，在湿地梯田周围和之间形成一个环路。拥有丰富座位、亭台和观景塔的休息平台被整合到设计的自然系统中，以便于普遍进入。这将促进学习、娱乐和审美景观体验。设计了一个环境解释系统，帮助游客了解这些地方的自然和文化意义。显然，最标志性的人工建筑是一座暖色的彩虹桥，与经常凉爽潮湿的气候形成鲜明对比。这条堤把中央湿地(湖)的三面连接起来，形成了令人难忘的步行和聚集的地方。这些已迅速成为市民喜爱的社会和娱乐环境，吸引了来自四面八方的游客。

(3) Pedestrian paths and bicycle routes are overlaid on the green spaces along the waterways and form a circuit around and between the wetland terraces. Resting platforms with abundant seats, pavilions and a viewing tower are integrated into the designed natural system for universal access. This fosters learning, recreational and aesthetic landscape experiences. An environmental interpretation system was designed to help visitors understand the natural and cultural meaning of the places. Clearly, the most iconic built artifact is a warm-colored rainbow bridge, in contrast with the frequently cool and damp climate. This causeway connects three sides of the central wetland (lake), creating unforgettable walking and gathering places. These have quickly become favored social and recreational environments of the citizens and attract visitors from near and far.

 Courtesy of Turenscape

特伦斯凯普

通过这些景观技术，已经成功地将退化的水系统和城郊荒地改造成了一个高性能、低维护的城市前院。它能很好地调节雨水，净化被污染的水，恢复生物多样性的自然栖息地，吸引居民和游客。2013年被正式指定为中国国家湿地公园。

Through these landscape techniques, the deteriorated water system and peri-urban wasteland has been successfully transformed into a high-performance and low maintenance municipal front yard. It beautifully regulates storm-water, cleans contaminated water, restores native habitats for biodiversity, and attracts residents and tourists. It was officially designated as a National Wetland Park in China in 2013.

Architects Turenscape

Location Liupanshui, Guizhou, China

Category Park

Design Team Bo Luan, Bin Yan, Gang Huang, Junyan Zheng, Meina Shan, Xin Fan, Shizheng Li, Lin Chen, Zhen Bai, Yu Zhang, Jianfei An, Hongkai You, Yin Liu, Yeqi Cao, Zhang Deng, Ye Yang, Yue Li, Yizhen Ren, Xu Song, Dehua Liu, XIaofeng Zhang, Jie Bai, Jinfeng Zhang, Tuo Liu, Junying Cao

Design Lead Kongjian Yu