The Kaufmann House. Photography: Joe Wolf

Richard Neutra’s (1892–1970) architecture is eternally preserved at its peak midcentury moment in Julius Shulman’s photographs – filled with party-goers on warm all-year-long summer evenings. The slim-line, seemingly weightless structure of Neutra’s Kaufmann house in Palm Springs was the perfect setting for these scenes – where conversation flowed through the open plan entertaining spaces and across the elongated rectangle swimming pool.

理查德·中性(1892-1970年)的建筑在朱利叶斯·舒尔曼(JuliusShulman)的照片中的巅峰时刻永远保存下来-在一年四季温暖的夏夜，到处都是参加派对的人。位于棕榈泉的纳尼亚的考夫曼住宅的细长线条，看似失重的结构，是这些场景的完美场景-在这些场景中，对话在开放式的娱乐空间中流过，穿过了拉长的长方形游泳池。

Built in 1947, the Kaufmann house in Palm Springs is one of Neutra’s finest creations. So, how did this Vienna-born architect, who studied architecture under Adolf Loos and developed his career in Germany at the Berlin office of Erich Mendelsohn, end up reaching his architectural peak in California?

建于1947年，在棕榈泉的考夫曼房子是中性最好的作品之一。那么，这位出生于维也纳的建筑师，在阿道夫·卢斯领导下学习建筑学，并在德国埃里希·门德尔松的柏林办事处发展自己的职业生涯，是如何到达他在加州的建筑高峰的呢？

The Lovell House. Photography: The City Project

洛维尔之家。摄影：城市项目

Whilst brief stints at Holabird and Roche in Chicago and then at Taliesin under Frank Lloyd Wright brought Neutra to the US in 1923, it was in Los Angeles where Neutra found his style working on his most-defining projects. His friend Rudolf Schindler, also from Vienna, invited him to live at the Kings Road House (now the MAK Center for Art and Architecture) in West Hollywood. From here, he began to work with Schindler and designed the Lovell House in 1929, the first individual expression of his own brand of West Coast midcentury modern, which included a steel frame and sprayed-on concrete.

1923年，在芝加哥的霍拉伯德和罗氏短暂停留，然后在弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特(Frank Lloyd Wright)领导下的塔利耶森，将中子带到了美国，但正是在洛杉矶，中子发现了自己的风格，致力于他最具影响力的项目。他的朋友鲁道夫·辛德勒(RudolfSchindler)也来自维也纳，邀请他住在西好莱坞的国王之路大厦(现为MAK艺术和建筑中心)。从这里开始，他开始与辛德勒合作，并于1929年设计了Lovell House，这是他自己品牌的西海岸本世纪中叶现代风格的第一次个人表现，其中包括一个钢框架和喷在混凝土上的建筑。

He designed homes around California in the following years, including the Van der Leeuw House in 1932 that would later become the Richard and Dion Neutra VDL Research House in 1980, which hosts educational programmes and art installations today; the Von Sternberg House (1935), a miniature mid-century modern house with just one bedroom, later lived in by Ayn Rand and then demolished in 1972; the Josef Kun House #1 in 1936; and the Miller House built in 1937 in Palm Springs, that lifted inspiration from Japanese architectural concepts.

在随后的几年里，他在加州周围设计了住宅，包括1932年的范德勒乌住宅，后来在1980年成为理查德和迪昂中子VDL研究室，今天是教育项目和艺术设施的主人；冯·斯特恩伯格住宅(1935年)，这是一座只有一间卧室的微型现代住宅，后来被艾恩·兰德住在里面，然后在1972年被拆毁；1936年，约瑟夫·昆宫#1；1937年在棕榈泉建造的磨坊，从日本建筑理念中汲取灵感。

The Miller House. Photography: IK’s World Trip

米勒之家。摄影：IK的世界之旅

The Kaufmann house was commissioned by Edgar J. Kaufmann senior, department store owner, who also commissioned Falling Water by Frank Lloyd Wright, completed in 1938. Neutra’s design for the holiday house responded to the desert environment with its sliding glazed doors that seamlessly partition indoor and out and cool open-plan interiors that fold out into wings for sleeping, swimming and entering the house. The glass and steel house created light, cool and airy spaces, while the stone anchored the home into the unique geographic context of Palm Springs.

考夫曼的房子是由高级百货公司老板埃德加·J·考夫曼(EdgarJ.Kaufmann)委托建造的，他还委托弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特(FrankLloyd Wright)在1938年完成了中子度假屋的设计是对沙漠环境的回应，它的滑动玻璃门可以无缝地将室内和室外隔开，以及凉爽的开放式内饰，可以折叠成翅膀，供睡觉、游泳和进入房间。玻璃和钢铁的房子创造了光明，凉爽和通风的空间，而石头锚定家棕榈泉独特的地理环境。

Drawn back across the world to build a series of modernist villas in Europe, and notably the US embassy in Karachi, Neutra didn’t stay away from California long. In 1965, he set up an architecture studio with his son Dion Neutra, and was based in Los Angeles for the rest of his career. §

回到世界各地，在欧洲建造了一系列现代主义别墅，特别是美国驻卡拉奇大使馆，中立并没有离开加州太久。1965年，他和他的儿子迪翁·纳尼亚一起建立了一个建筑工作室，他的职业生涯的馀下时间都在洛杉矶。§